{"id":3389,"date":"2011-10-06T20:55:15","date_gmt":"2011-10-06T12:55:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/?p=3389"},"modified":"2011-10-06T20:55:58","modified_gmt":"2011-10-06T12:55:58","slug":"shell%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f%e5%92%8c%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/archives\/3389","title":{"rendered":"shell\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shell\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3aShell\u4e8b\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5171\u540c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f53\u524dShell\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\uff1b\u800c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u5219\u662f\u7528\u6237\u6839\u636e\u6240\u9700\u800c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u5199\u5b50\u6bcd\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n

\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5f53\u524dShell\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u5373\u4e3aPATH\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7env\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524dShell\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

edsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ env\r\nTERM=xterm\r\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash\r\nUSER=edsionte\r\nUSERNAME=edsionte\r\nPATH=\/home\/edsionte\/bin:\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin:\/usr\/games:\/home\/edsionte\/bin\r\nPWD=\/home\/edsionte\r\n\r\n\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/pre>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u90e8\u5206\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u505a\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n
HOME\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5f53\u8f93\u5165cd\u6216cd \uff5e\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
SHELL\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7684shell\u73af\u5883\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\/bin\/bash\u548c\/bin\/sh\uff0cLinux\u4e2d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\/bin\/bash\u3002<\/p>\n
PWD\uff1ashell\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7pwd\u547d\u4ee4\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
USER\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n
Shell\u9664\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002env\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800cset\u547d\u4ee4\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
edsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ myvar=test\r\nedsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ env | grep myvar\r\nedsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ set | grep myvar\r\nmyvar=test<\/pre>\n
3.\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n
\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u5728Linux\u4e0b\u7684shell\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aBash\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2aBash\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524dBash\u4e0b\u8f93\u5165ps\u547d\u4ee4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u8be5Bash\u7684PID\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aBash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5bf9\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684Bash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684Bash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5176\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5747\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u50cf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684Bash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u662fgnome-terminal\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6216\u5b59\u5b50\uff0c\u800cgnome-terminal\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u7531init\u8fdb\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728gnome-terminal\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6216\u5b59\u5b50\uff08\u5373Bash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff09\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u627f\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709Bash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2aBash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6808\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b83\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6bb5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6bash\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u5462\uff1f\u901a\u8fc7export\u547d\u4ee4\u548cdeclare\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
edsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ myvar=test\r\nedsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ env | grep myvar\r\nedsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ export myvar\r\nedsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ env | grep myvar\r\nmyvar=test<\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5c06\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
edsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ declare +x myvar\r\nedsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ env | grep myvar\r\nedsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ echo $myvar\r\ntest<\/pre>\n
\u5173\u4e8eexprot\u548cdeclare\u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003man\u624b\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Shell\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3aShell\u4e8b\u5148 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[153],"tags":[259,260,155,261],"class_list":["post-3389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-shell","tag-bash","tag-export","tag-shell"],"views":11310,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3389","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3389"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3389\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3389"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3389"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3389"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}