{"id":2257,"date":"2011-01-15T11:04:03","date_gmt":"2011-01-15T03:04:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/?p=2257"},"modified":"2011-01-15T21:37:11","modified_gmt":"2011-01-15T13:37:11","slug":"%e5%ad%97%e7%ac%a6%e8%ae%be%e5%a4%87%e9%a9%b1%e5%8a%a8%e5%86%8d%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/archives\/2257","title":{"rendered":"\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u518d\u5b66\u4e60"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u5b66\u671f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5b66\u4e60linux\u4e0b\u5230\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u8ba9\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5bf9\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u7406\u89e3\u5b66\u4e60\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u5b58\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907globalmem\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f16\u5199\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n

\u5728linux\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528struct cdev\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\/\/\u5728linux\/include\/linux\/cdev.h\u4e2d\r\n  12struct cdev {\r\n  13        struct kobject kobj;\r\n  14        struct module *owner;\r\n  15        const struct file_operations *ops;\r\n  16        struct list_head list;\r\n  17        dev_t dev;\r\n  18        unsigned int count;\r\n  19};<\/pre>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u4f5c\u7b80\u5355\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n
owner\uff1a\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3aTHIS_MODULE\uff1b
\nops\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6307\u9488\uff0cfile_operations\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\uff1b
\ndev\uff1a\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002dev_t\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86unsigned int\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u524d12\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff0c\u540e20\u4f4d\u4e3a\u6b21\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff1b<\/p>\n
cdev\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5185\u6838\u5bf9\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5305\u542bcdev\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u8981\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u8bbe\u5907\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u5230\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
struct globalmem_dev\r\n{\r\n\tstruct cdev cdev; \/*cdev struct which the kernel has defined*\/\r\n\tunsigned char mem[GLOBALMEM_SIZE]; \/*globalmem memory*\/\r\n};<\/pre>\n
\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7<\/h4>\n
\u5728linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u5171\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u552f\u4e00\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5185\u6838\u4f7f\u7528dev_t\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b8f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\/\/\u5728linux\/include\/linux\/kdev_t.h\u4e2d\r\n7#define MAJOR(dev)      ((unsigned int) ((dev) >> MINORBITS))\r\n8#define MINOR(dev)      ((unsigned int) ((dev) & MINORMASK))\r\n9#define MKDEV(ma,mi)    (((ma) << MINORBITS) | (mi))<\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b8f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u83b7\u53d6\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u83b7\u53d6\u6b21\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u6b21\u8bbe\u5907\u597d\u83b7\u53d6\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002linux\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u82e5\u63d0\u524d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u5219\u518d\u63a5\u7740\u7533\u8bf7\u82e5\u5e72\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6b21\u8bbe\u5907\u5373\u53ef\uff1b\u82e5\u672a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u672a\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u5230\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u5df2\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\u5360\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u51fa\u4e24\u79cd\u7533\u8bf7\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u7533\u8bf7\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
  \/\/\u5728linux\/fs\/char_dev.c\u4e2d\r\n 196int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)\r\n 232int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count,\r\n 233                        const char *name)<\/pre>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002\u524d\u8005\u9002\u7528\u5df2\u77e5\u8d77\u59cb\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u901a\u8fc7MADEV(major,0)\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u4e3amajor\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff09\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u7533\u8bf7\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u7533\u8bf7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570count\u8bbe\u4e3a1\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6e90\u7801\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n
3.Linux\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u6210<\/h4>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u5378\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0file_operations\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
3.1.file_operations\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/strong><\/p>\n
file_operations\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u6307\u9488\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u548c\u5185\u6838\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002file_operations\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u548c\u5185\u6838\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u76f8\u5e94\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b66\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528read\u5bf9\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u843d\u5b9e\u8005\u8fd8\u662f\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684globalmem_read\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u800c\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528read\u548cglobalmem_read\u51fd\u6570\u626f\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5219\u662fstruct file_operations\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
static const struct file_operations globalmem_fops =\r\n{\r\n\t.owner = THIS_MODULE,\r\n\t.read = globalmem_read,\r\n\t.write = globalmem_write,\r\n\t.open = globalmem_open,\r\n\t.release = globalmem_release,\r\n};<\/pre>\n
3.2.\u5b9e\u73b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u662f\u4ee5\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u52a0\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u3001cdev\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a>  globalmem_init\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u770b\u5927\u56fe\uff09<\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u56fe\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6ce8\u518c\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u52a0\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684globalmem_setup_cdev\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5177\u4f53\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/strong>  globalmem_setup_cdev\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe<\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53c2\u770bglobalmem_setup_cdev\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7531cdev_init\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u521d\u59cb\u5316cdev\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5c06globalmem_fops\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9cdev\u4e2d\u7684ops\u3002<\/p>\n
static void globalmem_setup_cdev(struct globalmem_dev *dev, int index)\r\n{\r\n\tint ret;\r\n\tint devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major, index);\r\n\r\n\tcdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalmem_fops);\r\n\tdev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;\r\n\tdev->cdev.ops = &globalmem_fops;\r\n\tret = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);\r\n\tif(ret){\r\n\t\tprintk(\"adding globalmem error\");\r\n\t}\r\n}<\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u51e0\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u5378\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9006\u5411\uff1a\u5c06cdev\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ce8\u9500\uff1b\u91ca\u653e\u8bbe\u5907\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff1b\u91ca\u653e\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u53c2\u770b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
static void __exit globalmem_exit(void)\r\n{\r\n\t\/*free struct cdev*\/\r\n\tcdev_del(&dev->cdev);\r\n\t\/*free the memory of struct globalmem_dev*\/\r\n\tkfree(dev);\r\n\t\/*free the devno*\/\r\n\tunregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalmem_major,0), 1);\r\n}<\/pre>\n
3.3.\u5bf9file_operaions\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>
\n\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u62ecopen\u3001release\u3001read\u548cwrite\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd8\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u8981\u6c42\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u5b58\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u5757\u5168\u5c40\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8bfb\u5199\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
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\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u672c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7ee7\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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