{"id":2071,"date":"2010-11-30T11:04:21","date_gmt":"2010-11-30T03:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/?p=2071"},"modified":"2011-09-22T15:53:50","modified_gmt":"2011-09-22T07:53:50","slug":"%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84%e9%a2%84%e5%a4%87%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/edsionte.com\/techblog\/archives\/2071","title":{"rendered":"\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u513f"},"content":{"rendered":"

update: 2011\/09\/21<\/h4>\n

1.\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/h4>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0cLinux\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ea7\u522b\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u4e2a\u5185\u6838\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff08System Call\uff09\u3002\u5728Linux\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u5185\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7b49\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5982\u540c\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bdd\u8005\u3002\u5185\u6838\u5982\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5728\u4e0a\u7684\u5e1d\u738b\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ea7\u522b\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u8d28\u592a\u6d45\uff0c\u5f53\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7684\u652f\u6301\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u5229\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u62a5\u5185\u6838\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f20\u8bdd\u4eba\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5e94\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3<\/h4>\n

\u5e94\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3\uff08Application Programming Interface\uff0cAPI\uff09\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aAPI\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982strlen()\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6c42\u6240\u4f20\u9012\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9bAPI\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7bAPI\u5185\u90e8\u4f1a\u5c01\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0e\u5185\u6838\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684API\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c01\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0cAPI\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aAPI\u53ef\u80fd\u6070\u597d\u53ea\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982read()API\u548cread()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2aAPI\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2aAPI\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5185\u6838\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u65f6\u8fd9\u4e2aAPI\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982abs()\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684API\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u7a0b\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u548cAPI\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e24\u6837\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u5728\u5185\u6838\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0cAPI\u5219\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

API\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u53ea\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684API\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f88\u5dee\u3002\u57fa\u4e8ePOSIX\uff08Portable Operating System Interface\uff09\u6807\u51c6\u7684API\u62e5\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u5957POSIX\u517c\u5bb9\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6309\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684API\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7248\u672c\u7684UNIX\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9664UNIX\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Linux\uff0cWindows NT\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u51fd\u6570\u5e93<\/h4>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a.c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3001\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u6c47\u7f16\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u56db\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u662f.o\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u7684\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u52a0\u5de5\u3002\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5404\u79cdAPI\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9bAPI\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9bAPI\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u5219\u6563\u6b65\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\uff08\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f60\u5e76\u672a\u611f\u77e5\u6211\u4eec\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\uff09\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u51fd\u6570\u5e93libc.so\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u5374\u5206\u5e03\u5728stdio.h\u548cstring.h\u7b49\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u6b21\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u544a\u8bc9\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u9700\u8981\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u901a\u5e38\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684helloworld\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86stdio.h\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1agcc helloworld.c -o helloworld\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u65e0\u987e\u5fcc\u662f\u56e0\u4e3astdio.h\u4e2d\u6240\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728libc.so\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5668\u662f\u9ed8\u7136\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7f16\u8bd1\u5982\u4e0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n

#include < stdio.h >\r\n#include < math.h >\r\nint main()\r\n{\r\n\tdouble i;\r\n\r\n\tscanf(\"%lf\",&i);\r\n\tprintf(\"%lf\",sqrt(i));\r\n\treturn 0;\r\n}<\/pre>\n
\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u65b9\u6cd5\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n
edsionte@edsionte-desktop:~$ gcc test.o -o test\r\ntest.o: In function `main':\r\ntest.c:(.text+0x39): undefined reference to `sqrt'\r\ncollect2: ld returned 1 exit status<\/pre>\n
\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86math.h\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u51fd\u6570sqrt()\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728libm.so\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd9\u6837\u7f16\u8bd1\uff1agcc test.c -o test -lm\u3002\u6700\u540e\u7684-lm\u9009\u9879\u5373\u544a\u8bc9\u94fe\u63a5\u5668\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5165libm.so\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e00\u6b65\u5230\u4f4d\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53c8\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f9d\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5e94\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u53ea\u6709\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u662f\u5728\u94fe\u63a5\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
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4.\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n
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